casting: sending packet from one host to other host 3 types 1.Unicasting 2.Broadcasting 3.Multicasting

Unicasting

Transmitting data from one source host to one destination host is called as unicast.
It is a one to one transmission.

Broadcasting is of 2 types

1.Limited Broadcasting

sending packet from one host to all other hosts in same network.

2.Directed Broadcasting

sending packet from one host to all other hosts in some other network.

Multicasting

Transmitting data from one source host to a particular group of hosts having interest in receiving the data is called as multicast. It is a one to many transmission.

some important points

Limited Broadcast address : 255.255.255.255
Directed broadcast address:valid NID,all 1’s in HID
NID: valid NID,all 0’s in HID
we cant assign NID,DBA,LBA TO any hosts these addresses are reserved

NID Represents whole network i.e first ip address